by Mladen Millhov
ad@planet-system.info ISBN: 0-9721653-5-5 USA 2003
All hypotheses (even so-called fission theory) accept that the planets have formed one by one. Facts show that the planets have formed two by two.
Chapter 1 “Relic Phenomena”. In astronomy atlases, everyone can notice that planets are grouped in couples of similar sizes: Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, Pluto and Charon, Venus and the Earth. This fact could be explained in just one way: the planets have formed by couples of proto-planet clouds. As working model I use the magnetosphere of the Earth scheme. Note that one of the proto-planet clouds in the couple is slightly bigger than the other. The same can be observed today with the sizes of the planets.
The closed magnetic lines of force imitate two protoplanet clouds. The "open" magnetic lines of force illustrate the protoplanet disc.
Chapter 2. “Binary Stars”. Binary are half of all the stars in the Universe. There are two double planets in the Solar system as well: Earth-Moon and Pluto-Charon. The next step should be made by our knowledge – that all planets, and not only some of them, have been formed two by two. The scheme from Chapter one is inserted in points L1 and L2 of this chapter scheme. The model shows how the proto-planet disk disintegrates into couples of proto-planet clouds.
Chapter 3. “Snowball” The formation of the planets of gas-and-dust nebula resembles a lot the snow-men game. However, kids make snowballs with hands while the nebular hypothesis explains the consolidating of the planets with work. My model specifies the nebular hypothesis. Grouped in couples around Lagrangian points clouds have bigger chance to form planets. Even more my model explains a lot of other problems. First, why Venus and Uranus have retrograde spin? If planets have formed one by one the mystery could be explained by accidental events. If planets have formed in couples the mystery could be explained quite simply. One proto-planet turns left and the other right (the same explanation was already used for proto-galaxies).
Chapter 4. “Quantization” Proto-planets clouds are quantized around Lagrangian points L1 and L2 in three separate phases. Instead of 9 we have 12 planets (See table). Let us imagine these 12 proto-planets cores and gas-and-dust envelopes of approximately the same size. Why is there such a big difference today between the couples in sizes and density? Answer to that question and not only to it gives the next chapter.
Table 4.1 Sizes and densities of the planets
| Planets | Diameter [km] |
Density [g/sm3] |
| Mercury Moon |
4880 3476 |
5.4 3.3 |
| Earth Venus |
12757 12104 |
5.5 5.2 |
| Mars Asteroids |
6787 <1000 |
3.9 2÷3 |
| Jupiter Saturn |
142800 120000 |
1.2 0.7 |
| Uranus Neptune |
51000 49500 |
1.3 1.8 |
| Pluto Charon |
2300 1200 |
2 ? |
Table 4.2 Sizes of the satellites
| Planets | Satellites | Diameter [km] |
| Jupiter |
Amalthea Io Europa Ganymede Callisto |
200 3640 3050 5270 4850 |
| Saturn |
Mimas Enceladus Tethys Dione Rhea Titan Hyperion Iapetus Phoebe |
390 510 1050 1120 1530 5120 410 1440 200 |
| Uranus |
Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon |
600 1500 1000 1800 1600 |
| Neptune |
Triton Nereid |
1380 500 |
Chapter 5. “Planetary Inbreeding” The law of distribution of planetary orbits contains the 2n article, where (n) is natural number. Everyone of us has 2n ancestors n-generations back in time. Modern science considers that everything in the Universe changes. Today the center of the planet system is Jupiter. 4,6 billion years ago the center of the proto-planet disc probably was the Kuiper belt. Nowadays astronomers discover new bodies there as some of them are binary systems. The already formed planets fish out of their gas-and-dust envelopes and their quite elongated orbits gradually shorten till almost circular. That explains why around terrestrial planets there are no gases and dust. Jovian planets were attracted the gas-and-dust envelopes of terrestrial planets. Thus the equal quantization of proto-planet disc becomes today's unequal distribution of masses and density. The same can explain the satellite systems around Jovian planets as well as the rings around them. This assumption explains why Jovian planets' satellites have bigger density than the planets themselves. By the way Jovian planets' satellites are also grouped in couples of similar size and density (see table).
Chapter 6. “The Moon” The most unique idea of my book is that the Moon formed a couple with Mercury and just subsequently it was trapped by the Earth. Mercury and the Moon are similar in size. There is a big resemblance between the surfaces of the two planets. Mercury has big iron core and the Moon doesn't. Heavy elements in the proto-planet couple have “poured” into proto-Mercury. This model, like binary stars, suggests mass exchange between proto-planets clouds. The same mechanism is used for the explanation of why some planets have magnetic field and some don't.
Chapter 7. “Physics and Biology” If all the planets have formed two by two, this will be the “missing link” in the cosmic evolution. On the one hand we have pairs of fundamental particles, double black holes, double galaxies and binary stars. On the other hand there is the dipole of water molecule, bilateral carbon atom, bilayered membranes, double helix of DNA, division of the cell, two sexes.
Chapter 8. “The Water” As in the other chapters, we will review two main problems here as well. First, the dipole of water molecule determines the most significant qualities of the biological solvent. Second, Ice Ages. If we go back to Chapter 5 we will see that the Earth was not born here but where now ice satellites of giant planets are. Besides, all planets and satellites with rigid surface show bilateral asymmetry. That fact in connection to all others could be explained in just one way.
Chapter 9. “Hypotheses” Historic retrospection of different hypotheses for the origin of the Solar System.
Chapter 10. “The Light” Description of processes running in the Sun.
Chapter 11. “LGM” Origin of life and little green men
Chapter 12. “Philosophy” The idea of my book is that all major processes in the Solar System were settled within the proto-planet couples. In that last chapter I describe analogies with history. In human history there were many countries but just a few countries-doubles set historical tendencies: Sumer and Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia, Sparta and Athens, Rome and Carthago, USA and USSR, etc.
This chapter contains two special sentences. The idea of this book has analogies with the Gospel: selection of the apostles two by two and formation of the planets two by two, 12 apostles, one of which a traitor, 12 planets, one of which unrealized (asteroids).
* (This paragraph is not a part of the book) Astronomers believe that all the above mentioned phenomena can be explained with accidental collisions. One of the many examples: You need a body with a definite mass and trajectory in order to hit Uranus and to explain the tilt of Uranus' axis. Furthermore, this event must happen before the formation of Uranus’ satellites.